Watson, IBM's supercomputer made famous three years ago for beating the very best human opponents at a game of Jeopardy,
now comes with an impressive new feature. When asked to discuss any
topic, it can autonomously scan its knowledge database for relevant
content, "understand" the data, and argue both for and against that
topic.
Watson's DeepQA is arguably the world's best computer system at natural
language processing by a wide margin, which is an extraordinarily
complex field of artificial intelligence. Perhaps the major difficulty
in understanding human language is the lack of "common sense" in today's
computers. For all its number-crunching power, Watson cannot
"understand" the questions it is asked, at least not in a traditional
sense. The way in which Watson answers questions is closer to symbol
manipulation than to the way you and I understand and process
information, but the end results are often impressive.
Watson looks at the question it is being asked and groups words
together, finding statistically related phrases. Thanks to a massively
parallel architecture, it then simultaneously uses thousands of language
analysis algorithms to sift through its database of 15 terabytes of
human knowledge and find the correct answer. The more algorithms find
the same answer independently, the more a certain answer is likely to be
correct. This is how, back in 2011, it managed to win a game of Jeopardy against two human champions.
In a presentation at the the Milken Institute Global Conference, IBM
senior vice president and director of research John Kelly III
demonstrated how Watson can now list, without human assistance, what it
believes are the most valid arguments for and against a topic of choice.
In other words, it can now debate for or against any topic, in natural
language.
In a canned demonstration on stage, Watson was asked to present
arguments for and against the sale of violent videogames to minors.
After scanning Wikipedia for relevant information, Watson answered:
"I would like to raise the following points in support of the
topic. Exposure to violent videogames results in increased physiological
arousal, aggression-related thoughts and feelings as well as decreased
social behavior. In addition, these violent games or lyrics actually
cause adolescents to commit acts of real-life aggression. Finally,
violent videogames can increase children's aggression.
On the other hand, I would like to note the following claims that
oppose the topic. Violence in videogames is not causally linked with
aggressive tendencies. In addition, most children who play videogames do
not have problems. Finally, videogame play is part of an adolescent
boy's normal social setting."
The answer wasn't just a mindless collage of sentences copied from
various Wikipedia articles. Rather, in just a few seconds, Watson
searched its sources for relevant information, scanned for arguments in
favor and against the topic, selected what it believed were the
strongest arguments, and then constructed sentences in natural language
to illustrate the points it had selected.
For a computer that doesn't actually "understand" the questions it is being asked, this is a truly impressive achievement.
IBM believes that the technology behind Watson will prove very valuable
in dealing with the exploding amount of information that we're
currently facing. A fully automated system that can process huge amounts
of data, extract information and find answers with a high degree of
confidence could prove useful in a number of fields of human endeavor.
For instance, the system could have important applications in the
medical arena. Oncologists could take a DNA profile from cancerous
tissue, compare it to healthy tissue of the same organ, extract the
mutations, and then use Watson to search the entire medical literature
to find which specific combination of drugs will be best at targeting
that specific mutation affecting that specific organ.
Back in February, IBM also announced it intends to use Watson to help
countries in Africa find the answers to their development problems, with
a focus on healthcare and education.
Watson is built on commercially available 750 Power servers, because
IBM aims to market it to corporations in the future. The hardware to
operate Watson at its minimum system requirements currently costs a
relatively modest one million US dollars, but the price is expected to
drop in the coming years.
The video below shows the new debating feature in action. The
presentation starts at the 35 minute mark, the canned demonstration 46
minutes in.
Source: IBM
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